Gulf War Syndrome and its Purported Causes
Article by Richard Pagano
Gulf War syndrome describes a variety of diseases and symptoms reported by U.S. and allied service members who served in the Persian Gulf War in 1990-1991. Despite numerous studies, there is still much over the origin, diagnosis and complications of Gulf War syndrome. Veterans have experienced symptoms such as fatigue, difficulty breathing, headaches, insomnia, memory loss and concentration problems. Similar experiences among Gulf War veterans from Britain and Canada have been reported.
The search for possible causes goes beyond using the explanation of the stress of warfare. There have been extensive studies by the Veterans Administration and other public and private institutions on a wide range of possible factors including possible exposure to chemical and biological weapons. Also at issue are the vaccines and preventive treatments given to soldiers to protect against them against such weapons. Intense, concentrated acrid smoke from burning oil wells and exposure to depleted uranium shells are also high on the list of potential causes.
Interestingly, the Department of Defense released a report in 1999 that suggested that an experimental drug, pyriostigmine bromide, given to troops to protect against certain chemical weapons, might be responsible for certain symptoms attributed to the syndrome. More than one of these preventative type drugs was administered during the war including anthrax vaccines.
Researchers have identified three syndromes and multiple variations among veterans of the Gulf War. The first group, type 1, suffer primarily from impaired thinking and cognitive function. Type two patients have experienced more confusion and loss of coordination. The third group, type 3, have physiological problems such as joint pain, muscle pain and other symptoms. In each of the three types, researchers observed measurable deficits in neurological function. Measuring the activity of the nervous system is very complex and includes many different variables so the research is ongoing and a detailed look at further conclusions is beyond the scope of this article.
Until Gulf War syndrome is clearly defined, the diagnosis is essentially a categorization of Gulf War veterans who display symptoms that have been associated with the syndrome up until this point. Both the U.S. Department of Defense and the Veterans Administration are continuing their efforts to understand the illnesses that have been reported by veterans. Both the DOD’s Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Program and the VA’s Persian Gulf Registry administer free, ongoing comprehensive medical evaluations to Gulf War veterans. Along with providing veterans with medical care and rehabilitation services, these organizations use the cumulative data from these programs to advance continuing research on Gulf War syndrome.
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The Persian Gulf War or Gulf War (also known as the mother of all battles August 1990 28 February 1991)[7][8] was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force from 34 nations[9] authorized by the United Nations (UN) but led primarily by the United States and the United Kingdom in order to return Kuwait to the control of the Emir of Kuwait. The conflict developed in the context of the IranIraq War and in 1990 Iraq accused Kuwait of stealing Iraq’s oil through slant drilling.[10] The invasion of Kuwait by Iraqi troops was met with immediate economic sanctions against Iraq by some members of the UN Security Council, and with immediate preparation for war by the United States of America and the United Kingdom. The expulsion of Iraqi troops from Kuwait began in January 1991 and was a decisive victory for the coalition forces, which took over Kuwait and entered Iraqi territory. Aerial and ground combat was confined to Iraq, Kuwait, and bordering areas of Saudi Arabia. Iraq also launched missiles against targets in Saudi Arabia and Israel in retaliation for their support of the invading forces in Kuwait. Since the IranIraq War of 198088 had been called the “Persian Gulf War” by many news sources, the 1991 war has sometimes been called the “Second Persian Gulf War”, but more commonly, the 1991 war is styled simply the “Gulf War” or the “First Gulf War”, in distinction from the 2003 invasion of Iraq.[11] “Operation Desert Storm” was the coalition name of the air and land …
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